Ecuadorian infant mortality linked to socioeconomic factors during the last 30 years / Mortalidad infantil en Ecuador asociada a factores socioeconómicos durante los últimos 30 años

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the difference among geographical units and the evolution of infant mortality rate (IMR) based on Ecuadorian censuses (1990-2001-2010). Methods: artificial Neural Network analyzed the impact of sociodemographic factors over the variability of IMR. Poisson regression analyzed the variation of the standardized IMR (sIMR). Results: the decrease in the national IMR was 63.8%; however, 42.8% provinces showed an increase in 2001-2010. The variability was explained mainly by illiteracy decrease. The adjusted RR between provincial sIMR with illiteracy and poverty revealed a trend towards the unit. Conclusions: the variation of IMR reflects a complex interaction of the sociodemographic factors.

Resumen Objetivos: analizar las diferencias de la evolución de la tasa de mortalidad infantil (TMI) entre unidades geográficas basada en los censos ecuatorianos (1990-2001-2010). Métodos: la red neuronal artificial analizó el impacto de los factores sociodemográficos sobre la variabilidad de la TMI. La regresión de Poisson analizó la cuantificación de la variación de la TMI estandarizada (TMIs). Resultados: la disminución en la TMI nacional fue de 63.8%; sin embargo, 42.8% de las provincias mostraron un incremento en el periodo 2001-2010. La variabilidad se explica principalmente por la disminución del analfabetismo. El RR ajustado entre TMIs provincial con analfabetismo y pobreza reveló una tendencia hacia la unidad. Conclusiones: la variación de la TMI refleja una interacción compleja de los factores sociodemográficos estudiados.

Soil transmitted helminthiasis in indigenous groups. A community cross sectional study in the Amazonian southern border region of Ecuador.

BACKGROUND: Rural communities in the Amazonian southern border of Ecuador have benefited from governmental social programmes over the past 9 years, which have addressed, among other things, diseases associated with poverty, such as soil transmitted helminth infections. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of geohelminth infection and several factors associated with it in these communities. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study in two indigenous communities of the Amazonian southern border of Ecuador. The data were analysed at both the household and individual levels. RESULTS: At the individual level, the prevalence of geohelminth infection reached 46.9% (95% CI 39.5% to 54.2%), with no differences in terms of gender, age, temporary migration movements or previous chemoprophylaxis. In 72.9% of households, one or more members were infected. Receiving subsidies and overcrowding were associated with the presence of helminths. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of geohelminth infection was high. Our study suggests that it is necessary to conduct studies focusing on communities, and not simply on captive groups, such as schoolchildren, with the object of proposing more suitable and effective strategies to control this problem.